• Endometriosis
• Fibroids
• Pelvic inflammatory disease
• Hormonal imbalances
• Stress
• Poor diet
• Lack of physical activity

In traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), dysmenorrhea is often seen as a result of qi (vital energy) and blood stagnation in the lower abdomen. This stagnation can be caused by a variety of factors, including stress, an unhealthy diet, and an inactive lifestyle.
To treat dysmenorrhea in TCM, a practitioner may use a combination of techniques, including acupuncture, herbal remedies, and dietary changes. Acupuncture is believed to help regulate the flow of qi and blood in the lower abdomen, reducing pain and discomfort. Herbal remedies may include the use of herbs such as angelica, peony, and cinnamon, which are thought to have a positive effect on menstrual health. Dietary changes may include recommendations to increase the consumption of fruits and vegetables, whole grains, and lean protein, and to reduce salt and caffeine intake.